101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
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Q. 0: Introduction
6 min
101 Questions and Answers Concerning Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 1: Does Flood modeling conflict with commitment to the authority and sufficiency of Scripture?
13 min
scripture
apologetics
modeling
CPT Q. #1 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 2: How can continental plates move laterally with roots that extend to depths of 200-250 km?
3 min
continental
asthenosphere
mechanisms
CPT Q. #2 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 3: Is not the resistance to subduction far too great to allow a plate to subduct?
6 min
rheology
asthenosphere
mechanisms
CPT Q. #3 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 4: Are sediments, volcanoes, and plateaus actually scraped off subducting plates at trenches?
15 min
volcanoes
trenches
accretion
CPT Q. #4 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 5: Are sediments in trenches deformed and contorted as expected?
3 min
accretion
trenches
metamorphism
CPT Q. #5 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 6: How can plates possibly rift apart and move over underlying rock?
2 min
rifting
mechanisms
CPT Q. #6 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 7: How can one plate dive beneath an adjacent plate that is 30-60 miles thick?
1 min
subduction
mechanisms
gps
CPT Q. #7 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 8: Is subduction geometrically possible only along a straight line?
5 min
subduction
geometry
seismology
CPT Q. #8 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 9: Why are there so many volcanic seamounts on the interior of the Pacific Plate?
8 min
volcanoes
seamounts
mantle
CPT Q. #9 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 10: Why do trenches not display mass excesses, if deeply subducted slabs lie beneath them?
2 min
gravity
trenches
CPT Q. #10 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 11: Why do earthquakes sometimes occur across zones broader than the width of a plate?
4 min
earthquakes
seismology
minerals
CPT Q. #11 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 12: Has seismic tomography demonstrated the reality of subducted plates in the mantle?
3 min
seismology
tomography
subduction
CPT Q. #12 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 13: Why are some Benioff zones nearly horizontal?
8 min
subduction
geometry
CPT Q. #13 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 14: Why would thick, buoyant continents not entirely prevent subduction?
3 min
continental
rheology
subduction
CPT Q. #14 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 15: Is it true that the total length of trenches does not closely match the total length of ridges?
2 min
ridges
trenches
CPT Q. #15 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 16: How can a trench possibly intersect a ridge?
3 min
ridges
trenches
geometry
CPT Q. #16 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 17: Is it true that ancient trenches have never been found?
1 min
trenches
evidence
franciscan
CPT Q. #17 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 18: How do the distinctive features of the mid-ocean ridge system form?
4 min
ridges
mechanisms
geometry
CPT Q. #18 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 19: How can vertically sinking slabs give rise to horizontal motions at the earth’s surface?
2 min
tomography
mechanisms
modeling
CPT Q. #19 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 20: How could the plates have accelerated to CPT velocities without ripping apart?
3 min
rheology
asthenosphere
mechanisms
CPT Q. #20 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 21: Could an earth created on the verge of catastrophic runaway possibly be ‘very good’?
3 min
biblical
creation
theology
CPT Q. #21 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 22: Why would the rotational instability you posit for the Flood not begin just after creation?
1 min
rotational
mechanisms
CPT Q. #22 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 23: Why is the mantle not stably stratified and hence resistant to any vertical flow of rock?
4 min
mantle
minerals
chemistry
CPT Q. #23 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 24: Did the continents separate only once or more than once during the Flood?
9 min
continental
history
pangea
CPT Q. #24 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 25: Why did the sinking cold rock not entrain hot material and warm dramatically as it sank?
2 min
mantle
modeling
thermal
CPT Q. #25 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 26: Is the geologic column real, that is, do global correlations of fossils and strata actually exist?
10 min
stratigraphy
correlation
radioisotopes
CPT Q. #26 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 27: If CPT actually occurred, how did the oceans avoid being heated to the boiling point?
6 min
thermal
seafloor
jets
CPT Q. #27 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 28: How does limiting the minimum viscosity affect the time scale in your TERRA calculations?
2 min
modeling
rheology
TERRA
CPT Q. #28 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 29: Why are there thick continental sediment deposits but little sediment in the ocean basins?
7 min
sediments
continental
deposition
CPT Q. #29 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 30: Are the tectonic mechanisms affecting the world’s geology primarily vertical or horizontal?
15 min
subduction
isostasy
orogeny
CPT Q. #30 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 31: What mechanism caused the main sea level rise during the Flood?
5 min
seafloor
history
CPT Q. #31 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 32: Is God’s supernatural intervention needed to cool the Flood’s newly forming ocean floor?
4 min
thermal
supernatural
radioisotopes
CPT Q. #32 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 33: Do the steam jets in CPT have sufficient energy to reach earth’s escape velocity?
1 min
jets
thermal
CPT Q. #33 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 34: How do you interpret the magnetic ‘stripes’ on either side of the mid-ocean ridges?
4 min
magnetism
reversals
seafloor
CPT Q. #34 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 35: How does the usual need for ‘auxiliary hypotheses’ impact your own modeling endeavors?
4 min
modeling
methodology
CPT Q. #35 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 36: Was all the land together in one place at the end of creation week?
4 min
pangea
biblical
history
CPT Q. #36 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 37: Was runaway subduction restricted to the first forty days of the Flood?
6 min
history
mechanisms
biblical
CPT Q. #37 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 38: If Africa was largely stationary, does this mean the Mid-Atlantic Ridge moved westward?
4 min
ridges
mechanisms
seafloor
CPT Q. #38 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 39: Does CPT rely on any ‘scientifically untestable supernatural causes’?
5 min
supernatural
scripture
methodology
CPT Q. #39 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 40: How can plesiosaur fossils be in the Franciscan Formation if the rock was deeply subducted?
2 min
franciscan
fossils
metamorphism
CPT Q. #40 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 41: Why do you conclude that the Sierra batholith must have been molten during the Flood?
6 min
granite
batholiths
melting
CPT Q. #41 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 42: Why do we not see more sediment in the ocean basins from runoff from the Flood?
2 min
sediments
deposition
CPT Q. #42 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 43: Was it mantle cooling between Creation and the Flood that triggered runaway subduction?
3 min
mechanisms
initiation
CPT Q. #43 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 44: How did the RATE team deduce how much nuclear decay occurred during Creation Week?
6 min
radioisotopes
decay
rate
CPT Q. #44 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 45: How does CPT account for the vast amounts of dolomite in the rock record?
5 min
dolomite
chemistry
precipitation
CPT Q. #45 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 46: How can one episode of CPT produce multiple openings of the Atlantic basin?
6 min
history
iapetus
mechanisms
CPT Q. #46 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 47: How does CPT explain the closing of the Iapetus Ocean and origin of the Appalachians?
4 min
iapetus
orogeny
appalachians
CPT Q. #47 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 48: With which points can you agree in regard to the other Flood models?
4 min
models
comparison
CPT Q. #48 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 49: Why is there today so little volcanism associated with seismic tomography’s ‘superplumes’?
5 min
tomography
volcanoes
mantle
CPT Q. #49 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 50: What research has been done recently on the deformational properties of mantle minerals?
12 min
rheology
mantle
minerals
CPT Q. #50 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 51: Is sufficient energy available in CPT to melt enough basalt to resurface the ocean basins?
5 min
thermal
energy
basalt
CPT Q. #51 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 52: How is a narrow V-shaped rift maintained in CPT as two ocean plates rapidly move apart?
9 min
seafloor
cooling
rifting
CPT Q. #52 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 53: Could you elaborate more on the effects of the ‘flips’ of the earth during the Flood?
3 min
rotational
tsunamis
modeling
CPT Q. #53 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 54: How does CPT mesh with the 40 days, the 150 days, and the final 221 days of Genesis 7-8?
7 min
biblical
chronology
timing
CPT Q. #54 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 55: What was the lag time from when the steam jets first began and rain reached the ground?
3 min
jets
timing
biblical
CPT Q. #55 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 56: Where did the seafloor spreading occur that resulted in the closing of the Iapetus Ocean?
3 min
iapetus
seafloor
mechanisms
CPT Q. #56 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 57: How do the tectonics of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic fit within the Genesis 7-8 chronology?
3 min
chronology
biblical
stratigraphy
CPT Q. #57 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 58: Why should the Deep Sea Drilling Program data be taken seriously by creationists?
4 min
drilling
seafloor
evidence
CPT Q. #58 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 59: Is plate tectonics a data-driven necessity or a result of the need for a grand synthesis?
3 min
history
evidence
methodology
CPT Q. #59 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 60: Are shotgun attacks on anything scientific a valid approach for defending Biblical truth?
4 min
methodology
apologetics
CPT Q. #60 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 61: How well has CPT served as an impetus for new geological research relating to the Flood?
2 min
research
future
CPT Q. #61 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 62: Is water’s large heat of vaporization also a problem for CPT, as it is for canopy models?
1 min
thermal
jets
CPT Q. #62 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 63: Does accumulating basalt from a subducting plate buoy up the adjacent continent edge?
2 min
continental
buoyancy
sediments
CPT Q. #63 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 64: How could the Atlantic open and close with no effect on the Aleutian-Siberian platform?
1 min
continental
history
CPT Q. #64 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 65: How can fossils be employed to correlate strata, if such a procedure assumes evolution?
4 min
stratigraphy
correlation
fossils
CPT Q. #65 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 66: What initiated catastrophic plate tectonics?
2 min
initiation
mechanisms
CPT Q. #66 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 67: How can horizontal forces move a large tectonic plate without rupturing it?
2 min
asthenosphere
mechanisms
rheology
CPT Q. #67 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 68: Why are trenches filled mostly with continent-derived sediments?
4 min
trenches
sediments
morphology
CPT Q. #68 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 69: How does CPT produce thickened zones of low-density rock to form mountain belts?
2 min
orogeny
continental
buoyancy
CPT Q. #69 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 70: Is existence of oceanic lithosphere in the pre-Flood world merely an assumption?
6 min
seafloor
isostasy
evidence
CPT Q. #70 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 71: What about the hydroplate model that assumes no pre-Flood ocean lithosphere existed?
13 min
hydroplate
models
continental
CPT Q. #71 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 72: How do you respond to those who claim that granite simply cannot form from a melt?
8 min
granite
melting
rheology
CPT Q. #72 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 73: If granites did not cool from a molten state, would CPT still have a heat problem?
5 min
thermal
granite
radioisotopes
CPT Q. #73 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 74: How do you respond to Ollier and Pain’s 17 objections to the concepts of plate tectonics?
18 min
subduction
orogeny
isostasy
CPT Q. #74 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 75: Are not labels such as ‘Mesozoic’ and ‘Cretaceous’ not circular and tautological?
11 min
stratigraphy
rate
radioisotopes
CPT Q. #75 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 76: What was the tie between accelerated nuclear decay and other aspects of the Flood?
4 min
radioisotopes
decay
mechanisms
CPT Q. #76 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 77: How was the pre-Flood atmosphere different from today’s, and if so, why?
4 min
thermal
fossils
biblical
CPT Q. #77 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 78: How did the earth ‘expand’ by replacement of cold lithosphere with warmer mantle rock?
3 min
thermal
isostasy
seafloor
CPT Q. #78 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 79: To what extent are your computer programs known and used by other research scientists?
2 min
TERRA
modeling
methodology
CPT Q. #79 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 80: Do your numerical models assume rigid ‘slabs’ of cold lithosphere or viscous flow?
3 min
modeling
rheology
TERRA
CPT Q. #80 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 81: How do you reconcile CPT with evidence for multiple Wilson Cycles in Earth’s past?
3 min
iapetus
mechanisms
mantle
CPT Q. #81 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 82: How does the ‘crossover depth’, involving magma density, inhibit flow in the mantle today?
7 min
mantle
melting
seismology
CPT Q. #82 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 83: Is not the theory of rising convection currents in the earth’s mantle fraught with problems?
5 min
mantle
rheology
thermal
CPT Q. #83 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 84: How catastrophic was the effect of runaway slabs contacting the mantle-core boundary?
3 min
hydroplate
energy
subduction
CPT Q. #84 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 85: From where did the vast quantities of Flood sediments and cementing agents originate?
4 min
sediments
chemistry
creation
CPT Q. #85 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 86: Do you believe Noah’s Ark came to rest upon Mt. Ararat in northeastern Turkey?
2 min
volcanoes
radioisotopes
biblical
CPT Q. #86 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 87: What is your view regarding the origin of comets?
3 min
creation
biblical
chemistry
CPT Q. #87 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 88: Can you explain why plate motions are still occurring today?
2 min
subduction
buoyancy
rheology
CPT Q. #88 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 89: Is there convincing observational evidence for flow in the mantle today?
6 min
gps
earthquakes
mantle
CPT Q. #89 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 90: Is it true that continuous sediment layers lie beneath today’s Appalachian Mountains?
2 min
appalachians
orogeny
sediments
CPT Q. #90 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 91: How do overthrusts occur and folded mountain ranges arise?
3 min
orogeny
gravity
subduction
CPT Q. #91 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 92: How can so much catastrophic tectonic change unfold within the first 40 days of the Flood?
2 min
chronology
timing
biblical
CPT Q. #92 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 93: Can you provide references that support your lower mantle seismic tomography image?
6 min
tomography
mantle
seismology
CPT Q. #93 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 94: How could the ‘high mountains’ of Gen. 7 be covered, if sea level rose by only 100-200 m?
3 min
biblical
appalachians
sediments
CPT Q. #94 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 95: What actual evidence exists for the opening and closing of the Iapetus Ocean?
10 min
iapetus
appalachians
sediments
CPT Q. #95 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 96: What evidence might exist that the Earth flipped like a top several times during the Flood?
4 min
rotational
magnetism
reversals
CPT Q. #96 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 97: Were plate motions in the Flood generally continuous, or were they pulsed and episodic?
1 min
timing
modeling
subduction
CPT Q. #97 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 98: How and when did ocean island chains like Hawaii form?
4 min
volcanoes
seamounts
hotspots
CPT Q. #98 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 99: How and when did the thick Precambrian Belt Supergroup sedimentary rocks form?
5 min
sediments
radioisotopes
creation
CPT Q. #99 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 100: Would not the removal of ocean water by the steam jets result in a lowering of sea level?
2 min
jets
energy
thermal
CPT Q. #100 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
Q. 101: Did the water of the ‘fountains of the great deep’ come from a subterranean source?
5 min
biblical
seafloor
jets
CPT Q. #101 – 101 Q&A on Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
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